The Lambert Conformal Conic projection is one of the best for middle latitudes. It is similar to the Albers Conic Equal-Area projection except that it portrays shape more accurately than area. The State Plane Coordinate System uses this projection for all state zones that spread east to west.
Method of Projection:
Conic projection normally based on two standard parallels, making it a secant projection. The spacing between lines of latitude increases beyond the standard parallels. This is the only common conic projection that represents the poles as a single point.
Lines of Secancy:
The two standard parallels.
Linear Graticules:
All meridians.
Properties:
Shape: All graticular intersections are 90 degrees. Small shapes are maintained.
Area: Minimal distortion near the standard parallels. Arial scale is reduced between standard parallels and increased beyond them.
Direction: Local angles are accurate throughout because of conformity.
Distance: Correct scale along the standard parallels. The scale is reduced between the parallels and increased beyond the parallels.
Limitations:
Best results are for regions predominantly east-west in extent and located in the middle, north, or south latitudes. Total range in latitude should not exceed 35 degrees.
Uses and Applications:
State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS), used for all east-west State Plane zones.
USGS 7 1/2-minute quad sheets to match the State Plane Coordinate System.
This projection was used for many new USGS maps after 1957. It replaced the previous Polyconic projection.
Continental U.S.: standard parallels, 33 and 45 degrees North.
Entire U.S.: standard parallels, 37 and 65 degrees North.
